Design Space

How might we help caregivers take care of family or friends after they have received care from a doctor?

Premera has a number of products aimed at helping patients, but they realized they lacked in caregiver support. Representatives from their design team partnered with my class to address three areas of healthcare: finding a doctor, pharmacy, and after care. My team focused on after care.

Exploratory Research

To better understand the medical sphere and the specific role of caregivers, we engaged in a rigorous research process consisting of a secondary literature review and primary interviews with caregivers. I facilitated interviews with two caregivers and spent a significant amount of time reading articles and research on the caregiver experience. The information I gathered from this research process allowed me to think differently about caregivers and understand how hard it must be for them. That empathy I built, in combination with the data we gathered allowed my team identify the following three insights.

Caregivers clearly lack the information to properly care for their loved ones and we were curious about how this made them feel, so we created a cultural probe to get a better understanding of the emotions associated with these medical tasks. 

Cultural Probe

The cultural probe asked caregivers to identify the tasks they perform most often and to assign an emotion to each task. Then they were asked to provide us with two images that remind them of their loved one; one a hand drawing and another a picture.  6 caregivers participated in the study. 

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We found that the participants really focused on and explained the emotional aspects of caregiving. And tasks involving physical hygiene, interactions with doctors, appointments, and medication management were more stressful and burdensome. 

Ideation

To broaden our range and discover unique ideas, we sketched 90 ideas as a team over the course of a week. Some ideas were great, others were too speculative, but forced us to think outside the box.

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I led the team in multiple sketching exercises and brainstorming activities to get to 90 ideas. Through this process I developed my own set of preferred ideation techniques and methods. Some activities that I led in this project were Figure Storming, SCAMPER, and Teleporting Storming. I found blind writing to be an especially effective technique. We wrote down as many words we could think of that reminded us of healthcare and caregiver and then paired them together to create new, unique ideas.

Evaluation of Ideas

We used the six thinking hats technique to analyze the ideas for narrowing and down-selection. I took on the role of the black (cautious) and green (creative) hats. From the cautious perspective, I looked at each idea as a catastrophizer.  What are reasons to be cautious or conservative? What could go wrong? The green hat is in charge of creative thinking and generating new ideas.

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We used the feedback from this thinking hat exercise to narrow to 20 ideas. Then my team used Pugh's Method to generate the following criteria for down-selection. We based the criteria on what we believed was most important to our target users. 

We created an evaluation matrix using these criteria, which allowed us to narrow to 3 ideas.

Prototyping

I believe in prototyping early and often, so as soon as we narrowed on an idea, the team started creating a low-fi prototype. The first version consisted of drawings on paper which we showed to participants inside a phone I made out of card stock.

We created an intelligent calendar app prototype that would provide new caregivers with education and task planning capabilities. We tested the prototype with 8 caregivers.

Findings

App is highly beneficial for new caregivers. 

Need to expand AI to manage schedule conflict resolution.

Calendar might not be the right solution, but it is going in the right direction.

Based on the feedback from the first round of user testing, we decided that we wanted to switch directions; the next version of the product was going to be a smart to-do list with tutorials for each item. Calendars are hard to keep fully up to date, and people were thinking in terms of tasks rather than dates/times, so this directions seemed the right way to go. 

Additionally, we wanted to create a secondary interaction method for a secondary caretaker. We found that people were reluctant to ask for help, but is this because there is no easy way to facilitate this process or because they just do not want help. The interviews indicated that people wanted help, but they felt helpless, so we wanted to build in some system to make this process easier.

Architecture

The architecture is most complex for the primary caregiver, but they are still connected to a secondary caregiver. The most difficult item in creating this architecture was figuring out how the two systems would interact and how a secondary caregiver might be introduced into the system.

Illustration

I created all of the illustration for the Vala app. I chose to use minimalist cut-out illustrations in order to create detailed images that feel approachable and avoid medical realism. Illustrations are used for tutorials and profile images.  

Colors

We chose a muted aquatic color palette for the main features of the platform. This inspiration comes from the fact that whales (valas in Finnish) are one of the few mammals who care for their elderly.

Logo

Caregiving is difficult, and we want to emphasize the fact that everyone needs help and some of the best care is performed when people work together. Vala aims to be one of those helping hands, keeping our users on track and more informed so they perform better care.

Interactive Prototype

The final step of this design was putting everything together into an interactive prototype with 6 key paths. 

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1. Completing a task
2. Accessing weekly Dr. summary
3. Ask for help
4. Change date
5. Onboarding
6. Secondary caregiver completing a task